杜然的blog——i'm blinded by blackness
交的作业，关于俞敏洪、胡因梦和余华
杜然 发表于 2006-12-17 11:42:35
大脑袋布置任务，让用百十来字写俞敏洪、胡因梦和余华。仓促写就，交差了。
俞敏洪: 中国应试教育催生的暴发户
2006年9月，俞敏洪的新东方在美国纽约证券交易所挂牌，俞敏洪的个人财富达到2.7亿美元。随后，福布斯中国财富榜把他排在了第108位。多吉利的一数字啊，就跟买的似的。当然，与大多数上榜富翁一样，俞敏洪谦虚地说道，其实我本人到不了108位……我一天只花100块钱。
如果把登上财富榜比作一次歌坛的颁奖礼，俞敏洪站在麦克风前，除了感谢CCTV、Channel V，他还应该感谢谁？他可能会感谢所有在中国招生的英国美国澳洲的大学、美国大学委员会、美国教育测试中心、美国ACT、剑桥大学测试中心、英国文化委员会、澳大利亚高校国际开发署……当然，他最需要感谢的还是中国的应试教育，感谢所有的文凭考试、感谢四六级考试。谢谢你们，我会继续努力。
李敖与胡因梦：他们都有话说
前妻永远是最可怕的敌人，因为她知道你的每一寸，无论是身体还是思想，哪怕只是三个半月的夫妻，已经足以造成毁灭性的打击。
胡因梦每出一本书，李敖就要在电视节目里念叨十来天；而胡因梦今年到大陆推销自己的《生命中的不可思议》，上大陆的每一个节目也都会提到李敖，说“李敖最怕我抖他老底”“李敖让我变得自省”“李敖对爱的贡献不大”“他惯于意淫”“一个多欲多谋、济一己之私者”，尽管那本书在台湾并不是新作。这倒是让人想起“一日夫妻百日恩”的古话，到了该互相提携的时候，双方都会为对方作出一些牺牲，不就是有话说吗！
余华：一场关于兄弟的闹剧
余华久无漫长叙述的欲望，等他的欲望终于起来之后，出来了《兄弟》。就好像阳痿已久的人，起性后的第一次表现，总是拙劣。乏味的文字，对肤浅、无聊细节的过度描绘，加之一部长篇小说被人为地腰斩为两半分次出版，让《兄弟》荣获垃圾小说宝座。批评讨伐铺天盖地，21位批评家甚至出版了合集《给余华拔牙》。从余华今年接受的多次采访中，分明能感受到这位前牙医对痛苦与愤怒的压抑。
余华，那事儿其实急不得。
俞敏洪: 中国应试教育催生的暴发户
2006年9月，俞敏洪的新东方在美国纽约证券交易所挂牌，俞敏洪的个人财富达到2.7亿美元。随后，福布斯中国财富榜把他排在了第108位。多吉利的一数字啊，就跟买的似的。当然，与大多数上榜富翁一样，俞敏洪谦虚地说道，其实我本人到不了108位……我一天只花100块钱。
如果把登上财富榜比作一次歌坛的颁奖礼，俞敏洪站在麦克风前，除了感谢CCTV、Channel V，他还应该感谢谁？他可能会感谢所有在中国招生的英国美国澳洲的大学、美国大学委员会、美国教育测试中心、美国ACT、剑桥大学测试中心、英国文化委员会、澳大利亚高校国际开发署……当然，他最需要感谢的还是中国的应试教育，感谢所有的文凭考试、感谢四六级考试。谢谢你们，我会继续努力。
李敖与胡因梦：他们都有话说
前妻永远是最可怕的敌人，因为她知道你的每一寸，无论是身体还是思想，哪怕只是三个半月的夫妻，已经足以造成毁灭性的打击。
胡因梦每出一本书，李敖就要在电视节目里念叨十来天；而胡因梦今年到大陆推销自己的《生命中的不可思议》，上大陆的每一个节目也都会提到李敖，说“李敖最怕我抖他老底”“李敖让我变得自省”“李敖对爱的贡献不大”“他惯于意淫”“一个多欲多谋、济一己之私者”，尽管那本书在台湾并不是新作。这倒是让人想起“一日夫妻百日恩”的古话，到了该互相提携的时候，双方都会为对方作出一些牺牲，不就是有话说吗！
余华：一场关于兄弟的闹剧
余华久无漫长叙述的欲望，等他的欲望终于起来之后，出来了《兄弟》。就好像阳痿已久的人，起性后的第一次表现，总是拙劣。乏味的文字，对肤浅、无聊细节的过度描绘，加之一部长篇小说被人为地腰斩为两半分次出版，让《兄弟》荣获垃圾小说宝座。批评讨伐铺天盖地，21位批评家甚至出版了合集《给余华拔牙》。从余华今年接受的多次采访中，分明能感受到这位前牙医对痛苦与愤怒的压抑。
余华，那事儿其实急不得。
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按三围排序
杜然 发表于 2006-12-16 17:36:07
念中学的时候，利比多如泉涌，让人发疯。男生于是评出班级几大美女，还按三围排序，尽管那个时候连什么是D罩杯都不懂，惟一还能搞的就是臆淫。今天看到一家媒体打着“了解作家生存现状”的旗号推出中国作家富豪榜，就让我想起了那段往事。
看到榜单制作说明的第一条，我就知道这不过是当年玩的那种按三围排序的小把戏。“发行册数主要来源于图书版权页，没有标明印数的则以相关出版社发行部提供的数据为准。”现在还有谁会在图书版权页的发行册数上说实话？天下最不靠谱的数字就是出版社的发行量，财务部都是往小了说，发行部都是往大了说，你敢信？你能信？
第二条：“图书版税率目前国内大致为8%-12%，根据作家、出版社提供的情况，我们抽取了平均比例，版税率以10%为基数，以便于计算。一些出版社看过榜单目录的编辑表示，上榜作家的版税率一般不会低于这个数字。”在好些年前，王朔的版税就是15%。现在哪个知名作家的版税只有10%？太侮辱人了吧，这不是拐着弯骂人傻逼吗！
第四条：“ 由于一些客观原因，我们无法把作者作品所有版本的印数统计出来。上榜作家的版税数字，如果将他们作品的各种版本加以统计，数目可能还要更高。”看来这的确是一个不靠谱的榜单，自己都招了。
第五条：“另外，部分作家的作品在影视改编方面获得的利润也很可观，比如海岩、池莉、二月河等人，但这毕竟属商业秘密，很多作家不愿透露，所以在排名时，我们仅以图书版税计算。”对于此条说明，我大笑。
第六条：“作品的海外版权因为总体比例不大，亦没有计算入内。”你知道二月河的书在台湾卖了多少吗？
在基本不掌握实际数据的情况下，看不出这份榜单究竟有什么实际价值，或许没有价值就是它惟一的价值。
看到榜单制作说明的第一条，我就知道这不过是当年玩的那种按三围排序的小把戏。“发行册数主要来源于图书版权页，没有标明印数的则以相关出版社发行部提供的数据为准。”现在还有谁会在图书版权页的发行册数上说实话？天下最不靠谱的数字就是出版社的发行量，财务部都是往小了说，发行部都是往大了说，你敢信？你能信？
第二条：“图书版税率目前国内大致为8%-12%，根据作家、出版社提供的情况，我们抽取了平均比例，版税率以10%为基数，以便于计算。一些出版社看过榜单目录的编辑表示，上榜作家的版税率一般不会低于这个数字。”在好些年前，王朔的版税就是15%。现在哪个知名作家的版税只有10%？太侮辱人了吧，这不是拐着弯骂人傻逼吗！
第四条：“ 由于一些客观原因，我们无法把作者作品所有版本的印数统计出来。上榜作家的版税数字，如果将他们作品的各种版本加以统计，数目可能还要更高。”看来这的确是一个不靠谱的榜单，自己都招了。
第五条：“另外，部分作家的作品在影视改编方面获得的利润也很可观，比如海岩、池莉、二月河等人，但这毕竟属商业秘密，很多作家不愿透露，所以在排名时，我们仅以图书版税计算。”对于此条说明，我大笑。
第六条：“作品的海外版权因为总体比例不大，亦没有计算入内。”你知道二月河的书在台湾卖了多少吗？
在基本不掌握实际数据的情况下，看不出这份榜单究竟有什么实际价值，或许没有价值就是它惟一的价值。
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恶搞圣诞2
杜然 发表于 2006-12-15 21:33:02
美军士兵命令一名伊拉克民众向圣诞老人表明自己的圣诞愿望。（提醒：图片和文字仅供娱乐，不必当真。）
在美军士兵的努力下，伊拉克呈现一派圣诞气氛。（提醒：图片和文字仅供娱乐，不必当真。）
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割包皮和艾滋病
杜然 发表于 2006-12-15 21:20:10
在14号的《旧金山纪事报》上看到一则科技报道，说科学家在肯尼亚和乌干达进行了两项关于割包皮的研究，结果发现在割过包皮的男性中，艾滋病的感染率只有未割过包皮的男性的一半。去年，法国的研究人员在南非也发现，割包皮能提供60%的保护率（protection rate）。
好吧，还没割的兄弟们，赶紧上医院！
原文如下：
Two major studies of male circumcision in Africa have found that the simple surgical procedure reduces the risk of HIV infection by half -- a hugely important result that is likely to prompt many African nations hard hit by AIDS to promote it as a means to control the epidemic.
The separate studies in Kenya and Uganda were financed by the National Institutes of Health and compared HIV infection rates between groups of circumcised and uncircumcised men and teenage boys.
On Tuesday, an NIH safety panel examined interim results and found that the uncircumcised men in both studies were becoming infected at twice the rate of the men who had the procedure. The panel concluded it would be unethical to allow the experiments to continue until mid-2007 as planned without offering the surgery to the uncircumcised group.
The results are consistent with a similar clinical trial halted in South Africa last year after French researchers found that circumcision -- the surgical removal of foreskin from the penis -- offered a 60 percent protection rate.
"These results demonstrate that adult male circumcision, when performed by a trained medical provider, is both safe and effective at reducing the risk of HIV infection,'' Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said during a telephone news conference.
Fauci stressed that circumcision is one more tool available to fight HIV and should not be considered a replacement for other measures such as the use of condoms. "These results could be negated by a small decrease in condom use or the addition of more sexual partners,'' he warned.
AIDS prevention experts around the globe have been anxiously awaiting the interim results of the two trials after an early peek at the data in June led the NIH panel to order the studies to continue. The three African trials together were designed to offer definitive proof that male circumcision helped prevent HIV infection. Dozens of studies conducted since the 1980s found similar results but lacked the scientific rigor of a randomized clinical trial.
"This is not a magic bullet but a potentially important intervention,'' said Dr. Kevin De Cock, director of HIV/AIDS programs for the World Health Organization.
He said the agency will meet early next year to consider how African nations can safely offer the procedure on a massive scale. Adult male circumcision can cost anywhere from to 0 in Africa, and De Cock said it will be impossible for African countries to provide without substantial foreign assistance.
Dr. Bertran Auvert, the French researcher who conducted the earlier South African study, has reported that widespread adoption of male circumcision could avert 2 million HIV infections.
Reached in South Africa, he said the Kenyan and Uganda studies are consistent with his findings. "We now need to find ways to reduce the price of male circumcision and make it affordable. This is not yet the case,'' he said.
Doctors theorize that circumcision might protect against HIV infection because the foreskin is rich in a type of white blood cell that is a favorite target of the AIDS virus. In addition, some studies suggest that circumcised males are less likely to have other sexually transmitted diseases, which cause sores that serve as gateways for HIV to enter the bloodstream.
"This is a landmark day in the history of fighting this epidemic,'' said Robert Bailey of the University of Illinois at Chicago, who led the study in Kisumu, a city in western Kenya where the prominent tribe, the Luo, do not practice male circumcision.
A medical anthropologist, Bailey first became interested in circumcision for AIDS prevention in 1985, when colleagues in the field began noticing that HIV rates were much higher in regions of Africa populated by non-circumcising cultures. He suspected the higher rates partly explained why circumcising cultures in West Africa had HIV infection rates below 5 percent, while close to one-third of the adult male population eventually was infected in Botswana, Zimbabwe and the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.
In 1999, Bailey and UCSF researcher Daniel Halperin published a commentary in the British medical journal The Lancet challenging the public health community to take seriously dozens of studies showing that circumcision appeared to offer some protection against HIV.
That challenge ultimately led to NIH funding for the two clinical trials.
Halperin, now a researcher at the Harvard School of Public Health, said from Zimbabwe on Wednesday that he will crack open a bottle of Champagne to celebrate the study results. "Only a couple of years ago, people would laugh and make jokes about this. We've come a long way,'' he said. "Circumcision is now the only intervention for the prevention of HIV that has passed the highest standard for clinical trials. I think it's a pretty historical event.''
As a result of publicity about various circumcision trials, there is a 9-month waiting list for the procedure at public hospitals in Swaziland, where until recently Halperin was posted as a researcher for USAID.
Bailey's Kisumu study enrolled 2,784 HIV-negative men ages 18-24 beginning in 2005. It found a 53 percent reduction in HIV transmission among those who were circumcised. By the time the trial was stopped, 87 percent of participants had been followed for the two-year enlistment period.
The second study, led by Johns Hopkins University epidemiologist Dr. Ronald Gray, enrolled 4,996 HIV-negative men ages 15-49 in the rural Rakai district of Uganda, and the interim results showed a 48 percent protective effect in the circumcised group.
Despite the study results, circumcision remains a controversial medical procedure that critics consider genital mutilation. Anti-circumcision activist Marilyn Milos, a nurse who is executive director of NOCIRC in San Anselmo, said that while the trial results were interesting, "anybody who believes that circumcision will protect them from HIV is obviously making a deadly mistake.''
She contends that circumcision removes "the most erogenous tissue" of the male body and that the diminished sensitivity she said circumcised men experience is a further disincentive to use condoms. Consistent condom use, she said, remains the only proven method of preventing HIV, and programs that promote their use have reversed infection rates in Thailand, Senegal and Uganda.
"My greatest fear is that they will begin to circumcise more and more people in Africa and ultimately find out it was not effective,'' she said.
Mitchell Warren, executive director of the AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition, hailed the results of the three trials but warned that it is critical that any expansion of the procedure must ensure its safety.
"Male circumcision is a surgical procedure. It requires trained personnel, sterile instruments, and adequate supplies of items like gauze and bandages," he said. "In the developing world, these resources are often in short supply, and, in their absence, the procedure can lead to infections and even death.''
Meanwhile, researchers will continue to follow the health of the participants in the African circumcision trials. A fourth study, underwritten in Uganda by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, will attempt to determine whether women also benefit from the reduced HIV infection risk in a population of circumcised men.
Women continue to bear the brunt of the AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa, where this year UNAIDS estimates that 59 percent of the 24.7 million people living with HIV are female.
好吧，还没割的兄弟们，赶紧上医院！
原文如下：
Two major studies of male circumcision in Africa have found that the simple surgical procedure reduces the risk of HIV infection by half -- a hugely important result that is likely to prompt many African nations hard hit by AIDS to promote it as a means to control the epidemic.
The separate studies in Kenya and Uganda were financed by the National Institutes of Health and compared HIV infection rates between groups of circumcised and uncircumcised men and teenage boys.
On Tuesday, an NIH safety panel examined interim results and found that the uncircumcised men in both studies were becoming infected at twice the rate of the men who had the procedure. The panel concluded it would be unethical to allow the experiments to continue until mid-2007 as planned without offering the surgery to the uncircumcised group.
The results are consistent with a similar clinical trial halted in South Africa last year after French researchers found that circumcision -- the surgical removal of foreskin from the penis -- offered a 60 percent protection rate.
"These results demonstrate that adult male circumcision, when performed by a trained medical provider, is both safe and effective at reducing the risk of HIV infection,'' Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said during a telephone news conference.
Fauci stressed that circumcision is one more tool available to fight HIV and should not be considered a replacement for other measures such as the use of condoms. "These results could be negated by a small decrease in condom use or the addition of more sexual partners,'' he warned.
AIDS prevention experts around the globe have been anxiously awaiting the interim results of the two trials after an early peek at the data in June led the NIH panel to order the studies to continue. The three African trials together were designed to offer definitive proof that male circumcision helped prevent HIV infection. Dozens of studies conducted since the 1980s found similar results but lacked the scientific rigor of a randomized clinical trial.
"This is not a magic bullet but a potentially important intervention,'' said Dr. Kevin De Cock, director of HIV/AIDS programs for the World Health Organization.
He said the agency will meet early next year to consider how African nations can safely offer the procedure on a massive scale. Adult male circumcision can cost anywhere from to 0 in Africa, and De Cock said it will be impossible for African countries to provide without substantial foreign assistance.
Dr. Bertran Auvert, the French researcher who conducted the earlier South African study, has reported that widespread adoption of male circumcision could avert 2 million HIV infections.
Reached in South Africa, he said the Kenyan and Uganda studies are consistent with his findings. "We now need to find ways to reduce the price of male circumcision and make it affordable. This is not yet the case,'' he said.
Doctors theorize that circumcision might protect against HIV infection because the foreskin is rich in a type of white blood cell that is a favorite target of the AIDS virus. In addition, some studies suggest that circumcised males are less likely to have other sexually transmitted diseases, which cause sores that serve as gateways for HIV to enter the bloodstream.
"This is a landmark day in the history of fighting this epidemic,'' said Robert Bailey of the University of Illinois at Chicago, who led the study in Kisumu, a city in western Kenya where the prominent tribe, the Luo, do not practice male circumcision.
A medical anthropologist, Bailey first became interested in circumcision for AIDS prevention in 1985, when colleagues in the field began noticing that HIV rates were much higher in regions of Africa populated by non-circumcising cultures. He suspected the higher rates partly explained why circumcising cultures in West Africa had HIV infection rates below 5 percent, while close to one-third of the adult male population eventually was infected in Botswana, Zimbabwe and the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.
In 1999, Bailey and UCSF researcher Daniel Halperin published a commentary in the British medical journal The Lancet challenging the public health community to take seriously dozens of studies showing that circumcision appeared to offer some protection against HIV.
That challenge ultimately led to NIH funding for the two clinical trials.
Halperin, now a researcher at the Harvard School of Public Health, said from Zimbabwe on Wednesday that he will crack open a bottle of Champagne to celebrate the study results. "Only a couple of years ago, people would laugh and make jokes about this. We've come a long way,'' he said. "Circumcision is now the only intervention for the prevention of HIV that has passed the highest standard for clinical trials. I think it's a pretty historical event.''
As a result of publicity about various circumcision trials, there is a 9-month waiting list for the procedure at public hospitals in Swaziland, where until recently Halperin was posted as a researcher for USAID.
Bailey's Kisumu study enrolled 2,784 HIV-negative men ages 18-24 beginning in 2005. It found a 53 percent reduction in HIV transmission among those who were circumcised. By the time the trial was stopped, 87 percent of participants had been followed for the two-year enlistment period.
The second study, led by Johns Hopkins University epidemiologist Dr. Ronald Gray, enrolled 4,996 HIV-negative men ages 15-49 in the rural Rakai district of Uganda, and the interim results showed a 48 percent protective effect in the circumcised group.
Despite the study results, circumcision remains a controversial medical procedure that critics consider genital mutilation. Anti-circumcision activist Marilyn Milos, a nurse who is executive director of NOCIRC in San Anselmo, said that while the trial results were interesting, "anybody who believes that circumcision will protect them from HIV is obviously making a deadly mistake.''
She contends that circumcision removes "the most erogenous tissue" of the male body and that the diminished sensitivity she said circumcised men experience is a further disincentive to use condoms. Consistent condom use, she said, remains the only proven method of preventing HIV, and programs that promote their use have reversed infection rates in Thailand, Senegal and Uganda.
"My greatest fear is that they will begin to circumcise more and more people in Africa and ultimately find out it was not effective,'' she said.
Mitchell Warren, executive director of the AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition, hailed the results of the three trials but warned that it is critical that any expansion of the procedure must ensure its safety.
"Male circumcision is a surgical procedure. It requires trained personnel, sterile instruments, and adequate supplies of items like gauze and bandages," he said. "In the developing world, these resources are often in short supply, and, in their absence, the procedure can lead to infections and even death.''
Meanwhile, researchers will continue to follow the health of the participants in the African circumcision trials. A fourth study, underwritten in Uganda by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, will attempt to determine whether women also benefit from the reduced HIV infection risk in a population of circumcised men.
Women continue to bear the brunt of the AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa, where this year UNAIDS estimates that 59 percent of the 24.7 million people living with HIV are female.
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