奢侈品被谁劫持

杜然 发表于 2008-03-20 15:46:37

2005年科特琳娜飓风过后,美国联邦应急管理署给受灾最严重的灾民发放了内存2000美元的借记卡,并规定这张卡“不得用于购买烟酒及武器”。几天之后,有几位已经一无所有的女人拿着这张卡走进了亚特兰大的LV专卖店。

在近30年的时间里,奢侈品已经成为人类社会最为强大的魅惑力之一。与此相对应,对奢侈品的文化及社会意义所进行的研究与批判也是五花八门,甚至比奢侈品本身要有趣得多。

达纳•托马斯(Dana Thomas)是《新闻周刊》常驻巴黎的文化及时尚记者,几个月前,她出版了一本《奢华:奢侈品是如何失去光泽的》(Deluxe: How Luxury Lost Its Luster)。这个押头韵的标题明显暗含了作者的某种批判立场,但对于“某种”究竟是“何种”,却语焉不详,阅读过程越看越犯嘀咕,最后对照书名,幡然大悟。

在托马斯女士看来,购买奢侈品曾经是品味战胜粗俗、艺术战胜庸俗的象征,所以她羡慕奢侈品的黄金时代,也就是1980年代之前。那时的奢侈品是用金钱所能买到的最好的东西,“卑微的匠人们创造着人类所能想到的最美的物品”,尽管他们也审慎地考虑到利润。但在1980年代,这些卑微的匠人们被贪婪的资本家所取代,于是奢侈品不再是创造用钱可以买到的好东西,它纯粹沦落为赚钱的工具,而且是赚大钱的工具。

在此,托马斯回顾了奢侈品行业的历史,并详细描绘了几家高端奢侈品集团的成长。其中最让托马斯无法原谅的外来者,就是LVMH集团的大老板伯纳德•阿诺特,是他永远改变了奢侈行业的进程。托马斯写道:“直到1980年代的法国,做生意还是绅士的游戏,遵循着审慎和礼貌的原则,”但原本对时尚一窍不通的生意人阿诺特,首先发现了奢侈品牌背后不可估量的价值,于是一个新的生意人品种诞生了,“为了达到目的,他不惜一切代价。”阿诺特就像他的某些顾客有搜集名包的爱好一样,他喜欢搜集品牌,现在LVMH旗下已经买下了全球最知名的一些品牌,而他本人也成为了全球第七大富翁。这些奢侈品集团,用机器的大规模生产取代了匠人的手工,为了追求降低成本,把许多商品拿到中国这样劳动力便宜的地方生产,而产地标签要不就是藏在不起眼的地方,要不就是贴在外包装上——顾客一买下就撕去了。托马斯说,“奢侈品行业已经牺牲了它的正直,削弱了它的产品,玷污了它的历史,蒙蔽了它的消费者。”

当那些奢侈品的售货员都能买得起这些奢侈品时,当看到生活在美国郊区的中产阶级家庭主妇也能从折扣店买一身名牌套装时,当中产阶级与精英阶层的界限模糊了之后,托马斯女士为奢侈品失去了排他性而感到心碎。她感叹,中产阶级与富人之间消费体验的趋同,是市场经济的胜利。

在过去的三十年里,奢侈品就这样被贪婪的资本所劫持;而消费者又被奢侈品所散发出的迷幻光芒所劫持。在西方语境中被称之为“奢侈品民主化”的这一过程,在托马斯女士看来是完全错误的,因为它歪曲了奢侈品的内涵,使其失去了固有价值;所谓奢侈品的民主化,不过是资本主义和利润的累积而已。这一态度,也就是本书标题的折射:奢侈品已经失去了它的光泽。但说到底,整本书反映出作者对日渐稀缺的上流社会生活方式的缅怀。

在这本书中,托马斯还分析了一些国家在奢侈品购买行为上的差异,比如日本人对logo的迷恋,对logo背后所代表的社会地位的迷信。显然她忽略了中国的新贵们。这是一本充满细节与事实,读起来令人愉悦、甚长见识的书。但也仅此而已。
关键词(Tag): 誓不当冤大头
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一段胡扯

杜然 发表于 2008-03-19 11:57:35

看了丁杨兄写的一篇关于Jim Morrison传记的书评后,找来了这本《此地无人生还》(no one here gets out alive,江苏人民出版社)。

从我断断续续读到的关于摇滚乐手的书或者访问中,发现那些永生于摇滚殿堂众神行列的乐手们,无一例外都在用哲学家的语言说话——那是神的语言。

Jim Morrison如此说喝酒:“喝酒使人们放松,有时还能促进交谈。喝酒有点像赌博——出去喝一晚上酒,不知道明天醒来会发生什么样的事。有可能一切都很好,也有可能是灾难性的后果。就像掷骰子一样。这就是自杀与缓慢屈服之间的区别。”

在一次喝醉了之后,他又如此说及大门乐队的音乐:“我觉得就像是一种沉重,有些阴郁的感觉,有点像一个悬疑未决的人……我想使人感觉……啊……像是彻底回到家中。”

酒精和毒品是这些人间的神祗们维持神性的依靠。但我们为什么要去判断呢?Jim Morrison崇拜的尼采说过,“有益”与“有害”这个价值是极其肤浅和具有依赖性的,因为对于每种“有益”或“有害”人们总要提出成百上千个不同的问题:这对什么有益或这对什么有害?

人类偶尔也有精神堕落的需求,所以放弃那些二等的价值判断吧。做神还是做人,选择在你自己的手中。

突然又想起尼采引用路易十三的首相、红衣主教黎塞留在遗嘱中的一段话,找来抄录如下:

“正如长满眼睛的身体是畸形的,国家亦如此,如果它的臣民都是智者,他们将不再是顺民,傲慢与自负将大行其道。”
关键词(Tag): 随他们去
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写于3月15日夜

杜然 发表于 2008-03-18 08:43:37

楼在一座小山上,这座山名叫珞珈山。山名原本很俗,据说是闻一多改成了现在的名字。楼面朝东湖,几年前还没有那么多楼房的时候,在阳台上是能直接看见日出的,伴随着湖对岸驻军的早号声。部队驻扎的那座山,把倒影留在了湖面上,云烟氤氲中,有皮划艇划过。

楼下有一排不知道名字的树,春天,它们的枝头开满白色的大花,有点香,却并不浓郁;树叶则是在花事过后才长出来。正对着阳台的那棵树,总有点迫不及待,在春雨把其他的树唤醒之前,它就已经花满枝。这棵树总让我想起1974年的那个女人,她穿着露背的衣服,从上海的五原路走到乌鲁木齐路,身后是上千个看热闹的人。据说,那个女人后来以“流氓罪”获刑。

不写了,这样的夜晚可以拿来睡觉,可以拿来看书,但绝对不是拿来写博客的。

15号二点就出门去了机场,听说今天下午三四点很多地方要交通管制。我就奇了怪了,既然人民堵车,人民的代表为什么就不能堵车!今天是新安检措施出台的第一天,机场排队安检的队伍很长,行进缓慢,这是因为:尽管不停有工作人员来回提醒,液体和化妆品必须托运,还是有许多心存侥幸的乘客在X光机面前被拦下,嘟囔着打开行李;看来原来的安检真是不严,现在一严起来,什么东西都给搜出来了。上了飞机,发现严格安检的最大好处就是,飞机上的行李厢空了许多,我想这个新举措将会帮助中国人养成把行李托运的习惯。
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戏剧性高潮来得太早

杜然 发表于 2008-03-15 10:50:07

朋友一大早打电话过来,笑着说在今天的新京报上看到一个标题:《“英国版刀郎”詹姆斯·布朗特》。到这份报纸的网站上看了一下那篇文章,文章的第一句是这么说的:“有着乐坛‘上尉诗人’美誉的英国当红歌手詹姆斯·布朗特(James Blunt)即将展开首次中国之旅。”我一下糊涂了,那则标题究竟是在羞辱James Blunt呢,还是在夸耀刀郎呢?那位记者说,把刀郎和詹姆斯·布朗特放在一起比较,是因为两人的走红程度、时间以及历程确实非常类似。如果Boy George来中国演出,不知道这家报纸会不会用这样的标题:《“英国版蔡国庆”乔治男孩》;如果路易斯·阿姆斯特朗还活着并且来中国演出,又不知道这家报纸会不会用这样的标题:《“美国版李双江”路易斯·阿姆斯特朗》。要问阿姆斯特朗和李双江怎么放到了一起,答案是:阿姆斯特朗是爵士乐大师,而李双江老师的《我爱五指山,我爱万泉河》当年也很红啊。还有美国的家政女王玛莎·斯图尔特,肯定可以被称为“美国的刘晓庆”,因为这两位姐姐都坐过牢,又都勇敢地站了起来;还有香港的陈先生,也可以被称为“香港的巴黎的希尔顿”……

幽默的来源之一,就是不搭界事物之间的类比;愚蠢也是。
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贼好玩儿

杜然 发表于 2008-03-14 22:51:01

Paul Constant在西雅图的一家独立书店工作了八年。在这八年里,他已经记不的自己有多少次追着偷书贼大喊“把书放下”。对于独立书店来说,因为请不起保安,猖獗的小偷甚至能让他们破产。在Paul Constant看来,抓书贼的过程充满了乐趣与危险;有一家独立书店的老板特别爱和陌生人聊偷书贼,而且一聊就是几个小时,Paul Constant说,“许多人只有在说艳遇的时候才会如此绘声绘色,事无巨细。”

Paul Constant曾经在一家大型的连锁书店工作过,因为书店有钱请得起保安,所以作为员工,他从来不用操心偷书贼的问题。但是保安有时也会惹麻烦,他工作的那家书店就把一个保安开出了,因为这名保安在儿童图书区“打手枪”。

Paul Constant声称,偶尔有偷书贼跑得比他快;这个时候,他就会在小偷的后面大喊:“混蛋,有种你就去偷连锁书店!”他说,这种时候,小偷不会有任何回应,只顾着往前跑。

看看原文吧,贼好玩儿。

Flying Off the Shelves
The Pleasures and Perils of Chasing Book Thieves

by Paul Constant

In my eight years working at an independent bookstore, I lost count of how many shoplifters I chased through the streets of Seattle while shouting "Drop the book!" I chased them down crowded pedestrian plazas in the afternoon, I chased them through alleys at night, I even chased one into a train tunnel. I chased a book thief to the waterfront, where he shouted, "Here are your fucking books!" and threw a half-dozen paperbacks, including Bomb the Suburbs and A People's History of the United States, into Puget Sound, preferring to watch them slowly sink into the muck rather than hand them back to the bookseller they were stolen from. He had that ferocious, orgasmic gleam in his eye of somebody who was living in the climax of his own movie: I suppose he felt like he was liberating them somehow.

To work in an independent bookstore is to always be aware of shoplifters. It can devour you; you can spend all your time watching people, wondering if they're watching you. Every shoplifter caught is a major victory against the forces of darkness; every one who escapes is another 10 minutes kept awake at night with gnashing teeth.

I know a few booksellers who have literally been driven a little bit crazy at the thought of their inventory evaporating out the door, and with good reason: An overabundance of shoplifters can put bookstores out of business. One local bookstore owner can famously talk about shoplifters with total strangers for hours, with the detail and passion that some people reserve for sexual conquests.

There's an underground economy of boosted books. These values are commonly understood and roundly agreed upon through word of mouth, and the values always seem to be true. Once, a scruffy, large man approached me, holding a folded-up piece of paper. "Do you have any Buck?" He paused and looked at the piece of paper. "Any books by Buckorsick?" I suspected that he meant Bukowski, but I played dumb, and asked to see the piece of paper he was holding. It was written in crisp handwriting that clearly didn't belong to him, and it read:

1. Charles Bukowski

2. Jim Thompson

3. Philip K. Dick

4. William S. Burroughs

5. Any Graphic Novel

This is pretty much the authoritative top five, the New York Times best-seller list of stolen books. Its origins still mystify me. It might have belonged to an unscrupulous used bookseller who sent the homeless out, Fagin-like, to do his bidding, or it might have been another book thief helping a semi-illiterate friend identify the valuable merchandise. I asked the man whether he preferred Bukowski's Pulp to his Women, as I did, and whether his favorite Thompson book was The Getaway or The Killer Inside Me. First the book chatter made him nervous, but then it made him angry: He bellowed, "You're just a little bitch, ain't'cha?" and stormed out.

Most used bookstores try to avoid buying unread-looking books from the list above, but they do always sell, and so any crook who figures out how to roll a spine can turn a profit pretty easily. The list of popular books is surprisingly static, although newer artists have earned their place in the pantheon with Hunter S. Thompson and the Beats: Palahniuk, Murakami, and Danielewski have become hugely popular antisellers in the last five years. I've had hundreds of dollars of graphic novels—Sandman, Preacher, The Dark Knight Returns—lifted from right under my nose all at once. Science fiction and fantasy are high in demand, too: The coin of the realm is now, and has always been, the fiction that young white men read, and self-satisfied young white men, the kind who love to stick it to the man, are the majority of book shoplifters.

When I worked at a big-box chain bookstore, shoplifters never crossed my mind; the corporation paid security guards for that. Employees were told not to get involved. The legal issues were too Byzantine for us peons to understand. The guards, instead, created problems: We had to fire one for masturbating in the children's section.

But independent booksellers, understanding that the line between profit and failure is so fine, take it personally, and sprint after thieves all the time. On the rare occasion when a shoplifter would run faster than I could, I would shout at his back as he escaped into the city: "Why don't you steal from a fucking corporate bookstore, you asshole?" None of them ever responded. They just kept running.
关键词(Tag): 快给我把书放下
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